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Terminology used to describe people with mental health problems

This fact sheet looks at the wide diversity of terms used to describe people with mental health problems. If you would like to understand other terms used in mental health, please look at the Wordbank. 

 

It is important to define the terms because the terms mean different things to different people. For instance the term ‘service users’ is a potentially loaded and contentious phrase, grouping together an otherwise diverse community of individuals with very different needs. Some ‘users’ also have strong views about the appropriateness of the term itself, believing it to have negative connotations

 

Clients

Emphasises the professional nature of the relationship. Most often used within the private and social care sectors, as well as by some therapists.

 

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Consumers

Borrowed from the market place. Emphasises the concept of service users as consumers of products such as medications or care services.

 

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Ex-patients

Used by people no longer in contact with health care services. Also used by psychiatric services to describe someone who has been discharged from hospital.

 

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Experts by/through experience

A more recently coined term used by the recovery movement to draw attention to the value of working alongside service users. A participative approach which acknowledges a person's capacity to work towards their own rehabilitation. In this model Experts by/through experience are considered to be in partnership with Experts by profession in identifying and addressing recovery strategies.

 

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Patients

Widely used by health care services. Stresses the medical focus of the relationship between the person and the service.

 

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People with mental health problems

A broad definition used by a range of agencies. Emphasises and acknowledges many people experience mental distress and that a ‘problem’ is not necessarily an illness.

 

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People with experience of mental and emotional distress

An even broader definition than above that aims to be as inclusive as possible, focus on the experience itself rather than using the concept of "problem" as a label.

 

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People with a mental illness

This is a narrower definition and is often used by psychological and psychiatric services. By placing the emphasis on the term ‘illness’, it acknowledges the need for medical treatment.

 

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Psychiatric survivors

A ‘rights’ based term used by activists who assert that some forms of psychiatric treatment can be considered abusive. They campaign for reforms to end the powers of psychiatry in compulsorily detaining patients and enforcing treatment.

 

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Service users

Popular with service providers, particularly within the public sector. Used as a generic description of the people who use services.

 

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Sufferers

A term often used by agencies and organisations that are seeking to draw attention to the poor quality of life for people experiencing mental health problems. Often used by carers, parents and individuals with a particular mental health problem.

 

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Survivors

A term used to describe people experiencing/living through mental health problems and/or the consequences of a life event - such as sexual abuse. Regarded as more empowering than the more passive 'sufferer' with its connotations of ‘victim’. Often used by self-help and mutual assistance organisations. Not to be confused with ‘psychiatric survivors’ (see above).

 

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Users

Shorthand for service users, although also used as term for people using illicit substances.

 

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Written in 2000

 

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